Frameworks for articulating thoughts


“Clear thinking leads to clear speaking.”

Framework #1: PREP

Use PREP for opinions.

PREP stands for:

  • Point — Your answer.
  • Reason — Why you believe it.
  • Example — A story or evidence.
  • Point — Reaffirm your answer.

Framework #2: What? → So What? → Now What?

Use What → So What → Now What to explain changes.

  • What: State the facts.
  • So What: Explain why it matters.
  • Now What: Share the action or next step.

Framework #3: Past → Present → Future

Use Past → Present → Future to share progress.

  • Past: What was the situation before?
  • Present: What’s happening now?
  • Future: What’s next?